در صورتی که اشکالی در ترجمه می بینید می توانید از طریق شماره زیر در واتساپ نظرات خود را برای ما بفرستید
09331464034
Topic:
The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls around the country.
"The surface of a section of Route 101, paved just two years ago by Good Intentions Roadways, is now badly cracked with a number of dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of Route 40, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. In a demonstration of their continuing commitment to quality, Appian Roadways recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery and hired a new quality-control manager. Therefore, I recommend hiring Appian Roadways to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls. I predict that our Appian access roads will not have to be repaired for at least four years."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
موارد زیر در یادداشتی از معاون رئیس شرکتی است که مراکز خرید در سراسر کشور را می سازد.
"سطح بخشی از مسیر 101، كه فقط دو سال پیش توسط Good Intentions Roadways آسفالت شد، هم اكنون به شدت ترك خورده است و تعدادی از چاله های خطرناک را ایجاد کرده است. در بخش دیگری از ایالت، بخشی از مسیر 40، كه بیش از چهار سال پیش توسط Appian Roadways آسفالت شده است هنوز در وضعیت مطلوبی به سر می برد. در اثبات تعهد مداوم خود به کیفیت، Appian Roadways اخیراً ماشین آلات آسفالت پیشرفته را خریداری و یک مدیر کنترل کیفیت جدید را استخدام کرده است. بنابراین، توصیه می کنم Appian Roadways را استخدام کنید تا دسترسی جاده ای را برای همه مراکز خرید جدید ما احداث کنند. من پیش بینی می کنم که حداقل تا چهار سال دیگر نیاز نیست دسترسی جاده های Appian ما ترمیم شوند. "
پاسخی بنویسید که در آن درباره اینکه چه سوالاتی باید پاسخ داده شود تا تصمیم بگیرید که آیا توصیه پیشنهادی می تواند نتیجه پیش بینی شده را ایجاد کند. حتماً توضیح دهید که چگونه پاسخ این سوالات به ارزیابی پیش بینی کمک می کند.
Strategies
A good place to start your analysis is by creating a statement that reveals the main idea of the argument. Although the writer is creating an argument, he may ultimately be stating a position, making a recommendation, or making a prediction. It may be helpful for you to determine which of these formats is most evident in the argument.
The writer argues that Appian Roadways will be a better choice than Good Intentions Roadways for paving the access roads to his new shopping malls and predicts that the pavement should remain free of repairs for at least four years.
Assumptions:
a) Routes 101 and 40 handle the same amount and type of traffic.
b) Both routes have the same type of pavement.
c) Mall access roads will experience the same traffic conditions as Route 40.
d) New machinery guarantees good work.
e) Weather conditions are identical in both parts of the state.
f) Appian Roadways does better work than Good Intentions Roadways.
g) Good Intentions Roadways uses outdated equipment.
Questions:
a) How does the traffic on Route 101 compare to the traffic on Route 40?
b) Are weather conditions the same in both parts of the state?
c) Why did Appian Way buy new equipment?
d) Does Appian Way's paving generally last longer than that of other companies?
e) How has Good Intentions performed on other paving projects?
f) Are the malls in question located in various parts of the state?
After completing these steps, you should have enough material to write your analysis. Remember that you are not creating a position of your own; you are evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the existing argument. You do not have to include all of the points that you have created in your prewriting. In fact, during the process of drafting your analysis, other ideas may come to mind, and, if they strengthen your analysis, you should include them.
Sample 1:
This argument reveals information that makes it appear that Appian Way provides road paving that lasts longer than that of Good Intentions Roadways. All things being equal, that may be true. The scant information in this argument raises several questions that must be answered before selecting a paving contractor, and the mall developer may discover inequities that affect his decision.
Are weather conditions the same in both parts of the state mentioned in the argument? Many states are large enough or varied enough in geography to experience varied weather conditions at any time of the year. Northern parts of the state may have a long winter season leading to frost heaves which crack the pavement in the spring. Warmer parts of the state may have large amounts of rain that cause washouts and undermining of the pavement. Has there been any unusually severe weather event along Route 101 during the past two years that could account for its state of disrepair? A hurricane or tornado could have caused more-than-normal wear on a stretch of highway. Route 101 may follow the winding course of a river or curve around geographical formations such as mountains causing more rapid wear and tear on the pavement. In contrast, Route 40 may pass through a portion of the state where the average temperature is moderate, and no geographical impediments stand in the way of the road's running flat and straight.
Is traffic different on both roadways? The volume of traffic on Route 101 might be considerably higher than the volume of traffic on Route 40. Even if the number of vehicles along both highways may be the same, the types of vehicles traveling on each may affect the durability of each road's surface. Large numbers of heavy trucks can cause more wear and tear on a road's surface in a shorter period of time than the same number of passenger vehicles. Concerns about the efficacy of one paving company over the other can be allayed by answering these questions.
Why did Appian Way buy new equipment? Does the company regularly update to the newest equipment? A company that demonstrates careful attention to quality by updating its equipment is an attractive choice on the surface. On the other hand, a company that allows its equipment to fall into disrepair and must replace it may have the same negligent attitude toward the work it does. Does Good Intentions also have the latest equipment? If so, the state of either company's equipment is not a sufficient reason to choose one over the other. One should also ask why Appian Way has hired a new quality-control manager. Has Appian Way received complaints about the quality of their work? The nature of the work done on Route 40 may not be typical of the company's paving ability. Likewise, the subpar work on Route 101 may not be representative of the quality that Good Intentions normally produces. How has each company performed over time? Knowing that one or the other of the paving concerns has an exemplary record for quality and durability would help the mall developers choose the best candidate for their projects.
Are the malls in question located in various parts of the state? Depending on their locations, the malls may be subject to traffic and weather conditions that will affect the durability of the paving on their access roads. Predicting that Appian Way's paving will not need repair for at least four years may be overly optimistic. Adopting the recommendation and accepting the prediction that follows should be done only after answering several questions.
Sample 2:
The vice president in his memo states that they should employ Appian Roadways to construct the roads that lead to all the new shopping malls made by the company because of their superior quality work. In the argument given by him, he proves his point by comparing this company with McAdam Road Builders to bring out the difference in the quality of work. However, a careful analysis of the argument shows that the reasons stated by the vice president to contract Appian Roadways do not indicate that they are the best builders in the town. In the following discussion, it can be seen how the argument given by the vice president is not completely convincing.
Each route of any city has a different type of traffic. There are highways where the traffic is heavy and comprises of heavy trucks and high speed vehicles. On the other side, some routes are frequented by small vehicles and there are some where there is very less traffic. Therefore, each route is used differently and cannot be compared. In the memo, the vice president compares a section of Route 101 built by McAdam Road Builders with Route 66 built by Appian Roadways. If Route 101 has cracked badly in just one year as compared to Route 66, which is intact for the past four years, it cannot be just because of the quality of roads. There are other factors like the one discussed above that are responsible of the condition of the roads. It is possible that there is more wear and tear of the Route 101 as compared to that of Route 66 because it is busier and experiences heavy traffic. Therefore, we cannot blame the builders of Route 101 for its poor condition completely. It is very likely that if Appian Roadways had paved this route, it would have met the same fate by now. Therefore, on this basis it would be inappropriate to say that the quality of work done by Appian Roadways is better than that of McAdam Road Builders.
Further in his argument, the vice president says that Appian Roadways has recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery and has hired a new quality-control manager. However, this does not prove that Appian Roadways will do a better job than McAdam Road Builders. There is no record of the work done by Appian Roadways with its latest machinery, so if it is successful in delivering superior quality work or not is not known. Moreover, if the new quality-control manager is able to maintain the quality work or improve it depends upon his efficiency. Therefore, on the basis of purchase of new machinery or hiring new manager it cannot be decided that Appian Roadways would deliver quality work.
There could be other roadway companies in the city which have not been taken into account by the vice president. It is possible that apart from the two companies mentioned in the memo, there is another company which is known for its quality and good work. Therefore, instead of relying upon the few facts given in the argument, the vice president should find out more about other options available before making any decision.
From the discussion given above, it can be seen clearly that the reasons given in the argument are not enough to prove the superiority of work of Appian Roadways. The argument falls short of explanation in many areas and thus is full of shortcomings. This concludes that the vice president should do a little more research to find out which company is going to be the best to pave the roads that lead to their shopping malls.
نظرات کاربران
هنوز نظری درج نشده است!
