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Topic:
Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
حقوق معلمان باید بر اساس عملکرد تحصیلی دانش آموزان باشد.
پاسخی بنویسید که در آن درباره میزان موافق یا مخالف بودن خود با این ادعا بحث کنید. در توسعه و حمایت از موضع خود، اطمینان حاصل کنید که قانع کننده ترین دلایل و / یا نمونه هایی که می تواند برای به چالش کشیدن موقعیت شما استفاده شود را به کار می برید.
موافق
- با این روش، معلم هایی که به علت تدریس بهتر, به کلاسهای خصوصی می آورند تا درآمدشان را افزایش دهند می توانند تمام تمرکز خود را روی کلاسهای درسی خودشان بگذارند و مطمئن باشند که حقوق مناسبی دریافت می کنند.
- اگر حقوق معلم هایی که دانش آموزانشان عملکرد بهتری دارند از حقوق پایه سایر معلمان بیشتر باشد می تواند به بهبود روشهای تدریس کمک کند چون سایر معلمان تلاش می کنند که با تدریس بهتر آنها، دانش آموزان شان عملکرد بهتری داشته باشند تا حقوق بالاتری دریافت کنند.
- اگر معلمان بر اساس عملکرد دانش آموزانشان دستمزد دریافت کنند موجب می شود که خلاقیت و تکنیک های جدیدتری برای آموزش دانش آموزان به کار ببرند و در روش تدریس خود بیشتر دقت کنند.
مخالف
- اگر حقوق معلمان فقط بر اساس پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان باشد ممکن است معلمان برای دریافت حقوق بیشتر نمره های بالاتری را به دانش آموزان بدهند بدون اینکه آنها استحقاقش را داشته باشند.
- در این شرایط ممکن است معلم که سختگیری کمتری دارد اما نحوه تدریس آن نسبت به معلم دیگری ضعیف تر است، حقوق بیشتری دریافت کند چون دانش آموزان کلاس او نمرات بهتری می‌گیرند تصور می شود عملکرد بهتری دارد.
- چون معلم هم خودش تدریس می کند و و هم آزمون برگزار میکند نمی توان عملکرد دانش آموزان را شاخصی برای پرداخت حقوق او در نظر گرفت چون ممکن است برای کسب حقوق بیشتر یا آزمون ها را راحت تر برگزار کند و یا نمره های غیر واقعی به دانش آموزان بدهد. اگر قرار است حقوق معلمین بر اساس عملکرد دانش آموزانشان تعیین شود یا باید تمامی آزمون ها به صورت سراسری برگزار شود و یا معلمین برگه های دانش آموزان را به طور تصادفی تصحیح کننده و مشخص نباشد که کدام برگه ها مربوط به دانش آموزان خودشان است.
- عملکرد دانش آموزان فقط به نحوه تدریس معلمین بستگی ندارد بسیاری از دانش‌آموزان ممکن است به کلاسهای خصوصی بروند یا امکاناتی در خانه داشته باشند که دانش آموزان دیگر از آن بهره‌مند نیستند و به همین علت عملکرد بالاتری داشته باشند بنابراین نمی توان حقوق معلمین را بر اساس عملکرد دانش آموزان تعیین کرد.
Strategies
Assumptions:
What are the assumptions in the claim? These are statements that you can either affirm or refute.
Assumption 1: Teachers will become better teachers if their salaries are based on student performance.
Assumption 2: Student performance will improve if teacher salaries are based on that performance.
Assumption 3: Teachers will feel more valued if they are rewarded for being successful.
Assumption 4: Student academic performance – good or bad– depends on teacher pay.
Opposing viewpoint:
Teachers' salaries should not depend on student’s academic performance.
What are the assumptions in the opposing claim?
Assumption 1: Teachers' salaries should be determined in the way they have been previously.
Assumption 2: Student performance does not depend on teacher pay.
Assumption 3: Teacher pay should be determined by some criteria other than student performance.
Alternative claim:
Student academic performance should be one of several criteria used to determine a teacher's salary.
Support for alternative claim:
Example: Teachers may lower their standards to allow students to earn better grades. It should not be the only criterion for determining salaries.
Example: Incentives are used in the business world to encourage increased productivity.
Example: Treating student academic performance as a commodity does not take into consideration their individual natures.
Sample 1:
Teacher salaries traditionally depend on a step or seniority system. First–year teachers all make the same salary, as do second–year teachers, and so on. The only way to increase one's salary on any step of the pay scale is to get an advanced degree. Some teachers supplement their salaries by serving as coaches or advisers to school clubs and organizations. All school systems have an evaluation system which does not have an impact on the amount of money an individual teacher makes. Although this system protects teachers from becoming victims of a popularity contest, it also enables incompetent teachers to continue to adversely affect the quality of education delivered to students.
Reform is long overdue, and the criteria for evaluating a teacher's worth must be carefully considered and include more than one critical element. Local school systems, states, and countries are continuously compared with each other based on standardized test scores and other measures of student achievement. Teachers and administrators feel pressured to raise test scores. The unfortunate result can be the cheating scandal that occurred in Georgia earlier this year, when teachers and principals in some districts changed student answers on a standardized test. The temptation to take this action could increase if teacher pay were based on student achievement.
In addition to standardized test scores, student grades are an indication of student achievement. Most school systems still use numerical averages and letter grades to demonstrate student success. These grades place students on honor rolls that are generally published in local newspapers which parents can point to with pride, and they determine class standing, a piece of information requested on college applications. If higher grades are a sign of teacher effectiveness and affect teacher pay, teachers may be tempted to lower their standards to make it easier for their students to earn those higher grades. Student achievement can be used to determine teacher effectiveness and, perhaps, pay, but there first needs to be a better means of measuring and reporting student success.
In the world of business, employees are often rewarded monetarily for their success in meeting or exceeding goals. In most of those cases, workers are producing or selling items that are easily made identical. Quality control is a matter of insuring that each item will perform in the way it was designed to. This is a process impossible to replicate when the product is a human being. Teachers can present the same lessons in the same way year after year and have different results in terms of student success every year. The characteristics of each year's cohort are different. Therefore, achievement will be different.
Teachers do need to be held accountable for student learning. They also need to be evaluated in a manner that fosters and encourages professional growth. When teachers are given a clear direction in which to proceed, they will take their students along. Educational leaders would serve their schools, their states, and their countries well if they ceased comparing their achievements with others. Teacher pay cannot be based on achievement that is loosely defined or compared to test scores in other parts of the state, country, or world.
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