GRE Issue Topic 33

GRE Issue Topic 33

Topic:

Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.

موسسات آموزشی باید دانشجویان را از ادامه تحصیل در رشته هایی که بعید به نظر می رسد در آنها موفق شوند، منصرف کنند.

پاسخی بنویسید که در آن درباره دیدگاه های خود در مورد این سیاست توضیح می دهید و پاسخ خود را در رابطه با موضعی که اتخاذ کردید تشریح کنید. برای توسعه و حمایت از موضع خود باید پیامدهای ممکن ناشی از اجرای این سیاست را در نظر گرفته و توضیح دهید چطور این پیامدها، موضع شما را شکل می دهد.

موافق

  • اساتید و معلمین تجربه بیشتری دارند و می توانند تشخیص بدهند که هر دانشجویی در چه رشته هایی می تواند موفق تر باشد و در آینده به موفقیت برسد. پس باید دانشجویان را راهنمایی کنند تا آنها وقت خود را صرف تحصیل در رشته‌های که در آینده موفقیتی برای ایشان به همراه ندارد، نکنند.
  • هر جامعه‌ای با قدرت و توانمندی جوانانش می‌تواند به موفقیت برسد. بنابراین جوامع مختلف باید به هر نحوی دانشجویان را تشویق کنند که در رشته‌هایی تحصیل کنند که آینده جامعه را تضمین می‌کند و این وظیفه را فقط آموزشگاه و موسسات آموزشی و دانشگاه‌ها می‌توانند انجام دهند.
  • موسسات و دانشگاه‌ها نباید به طور مستقیم دانشجویان را از ادامه تحصیل در رشته‌ای که دوست دارند، منصرف کنند. آنها باید با برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی مختلف به عنوان مثال برنامه‌های راهنمایی شغلی یا برنامه‌هایی برای جلوگیری از تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتن دانشجویان نسبت به تبلیغات آنها را راهنمایی کنند که رشته بهتری را انتخاب کنند.
  • گاهی اوقات دانشجویان با بسیاری از رشته هایی که در دانشگاه وجود دارد و در آینده می تواند موفقیت آنها را تضمین کند، آشنایی ندارند و فقط رشته‌هایی را می‌شناسند که تبلیغات زیادی در جامعه برای آن وجود دارد، بنابراین دانشگاه ها موظفند که با شناساندن تمام رشته های دانشگاهی به دانشجویان، آنها را در انتخاب رشته ای که موفقیت خوبی در آینده داشته باشند، راهنمایی کنند.

مخالف

  • انتخاب رشته تحصیلی فقط باید توسط خود دانشجو انجام بگیرد چون اگر دانشجویان در یک زمینه دلسرد شوند و یا آنها را از ادامه دادن تحصیل در آن رشته منصرف کنیم ممکن است به طور کلی از درس خواندن دست بکشند و آینده آنها خراب شود.
  • موسسات آموزشی باید به دانشجویان کمک کنند که زمینه‌ای که در آن استعداد دارند را پیدا کنند نه اینکه صرفاً در رشته‌هایی آنها را تشویق به تحصیل کنند که ممکن است آینده خوبی داشته باشد. چون زمانی که دانشجویان در رشته ای که استعداد دارند تحصیل کنند خودشان می‌توانند با پیشرفت در آن رشته یا کارآفرینی در آینده، موفقیتشان را تضمین کنند.
  • موسسات آموزشی فقط باید فرهنگی را بین دانشجویان ایجاد کنند که آنها به دنبال پیدا کردن بهترین رشته ای که می‌توانند در آن حرفه ای شده و به موفقیت برسند، باشند نه اینکه آنها را از ادامه تحصیل در یک رشته دلسرد کنند. بسیاری از دانشجویان فقط با مشاهده تبلیغات مختلف فریب می خورند و تصور می کنند اگر وارد رشته ای شوند در نهایت می‌توانند با حقوق بسیار بالا استخدام شوند در صورتی که اگر در آن رشته استعداد نداشته باشند ناکام می مانند. موسسات آموزشی باید این تفکر را تغییر بدهند.
  • موسسات آموزشی نمی‌توانند به طور قطع موفقیت افراد را در رشته‌های خاصی تضمین کنند. بنابراین، دلیلی ندارد که آنها را از ادامه دادن راهی که ممکن است در آن استعداد داشته باشند و یا به آن علاقه داشته باشند منصرف کنند چون ممکن است در آن به موفقیت برسند.
  • عوامل مختلفی مثل علاقه، هوش و پشتکار و استعداد در موفقیت آینده افراد با توجه به رشته تحصیلی که انتخاب کرده‌اند، تاثیرگذار است. بنابراین، موسسات آموزشی نباید افراد را از رشته ای که در ان تحصیل می‌کنند منصرف کنند چون ممکن است رشته آنها در آینده بسیار پر درامد شود.

 

Strategies
A good starting point is to break down the statement and identify the assumptions it makes. Look for ambiguous phrasing and consider all possible exceptions – they represent weak points that you can defend or attack depending on your chosen position.


Statement breakdown:
a) Educational institutions – Do they have the right/responsibility to make this judgment? Is this compulsory or optional for each institution? What level is the institution: middle school, high school, university?
b) Dissuade – How forceful would the dissuasion be? What methods will be employed?
c) Fields of study – General fields of study or specific programs? How broad do they consider the field?
d) Unlikely to succeed – How do they measure success? How accurate are they when measuring success? How is success measured across universities?


Assumptions:
a) Educational institutions have the right to dissuade students from following certain programs
b) Educational institutions know better whether a student is likely to succeed
c) Course enrolment should be judged on likelihood of success
d) Students are not reliable self–evaluators


Pros and Cons:
Pros
a) Schools would have higher graduation rates.
b) People will be happier with and more confident in their choices.
c) Experts can better evaluate what skills and talents are necessary for success in a specific field.
d) Experts can identify problem areas and suggest professional support.
Cons
a) Schools already have guidance counselors, partially for this reason.
b) Strong methods of dissuasion would be a breach of freedom for students.
c) This dissuasion can lead to feelings of inadequacy.
d) Assessments of the likelihood of success may be biased.
e) There is no standardized measure of success – different universities will have different measures of success.
f) Students with learning disorders would score lower than other applicants.
g) There already are entrance exams, such as the SAT/ACT.
h) How would success be determined – based on an interview? School records?
i) Young student may not have yet developed their aptitudes at the time of this determination.

Examples:
a) Graduation rates and levels of interest in a topic
b) Studies about the accuracy of predicting success
c) Admission procedures

Sample1:

Education is a cornerstone of civilization. It is one of the most important investments a country can make in its people and its future and is critical to reducing poverty and inequality. As John Dewey said, “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.” Given this, it is important to ensure that students get the proper education so that their talents can flourish. However, having institutions decide which talents a student excels in based on arbitrary criteria of measuring success is a big restriction on their freedom of choice.

First and foremost, most educational institutions already have guidance counselors and admission policies in place to help students discover and decide on potential career paths. The jobs of these people and regulations is to ensure that students can apply to schools that put their talents to the best use, that they are happy with the choice they made, and that their choices reflect not only their abilities but also their personalities. If schools were to use abilities and prior performance as an indicator of success, it’s important to note that often people have abilities that clash with their personalities. In this case, examining a person based solely on their abilities would not be an accurate indicator of success - they would be able to perform the required task, but they would hate it or be too nervous to do it to the extent that perhaps a lesser skilled but passionate person would. In this vein, work ethic should also be taken into consideration, as, for instance, many clever children feel unchallenged and slack off since they notice that they get by with little effort. Meanwhile, some children have to work to maintain the same level of grades – they develop a strong work ethic that should be an indicator of success.

Furthermore, there is no standardized measure of success. Different schools will have different standards, so a student that is rejected for applied mathematics at one school can get enrolled at a different one. Some schools might consider previous academic achievements as accurate predictors of success, whereas others might consider interviews, or additional testing. Assessments of success are subjective, and, as numerous studies have shown, not accurate indicators. The main reason why people are not able to accurately assess success is that they evaluate based on their ideas of how the world works and end up having prejudiced insights. In the example of interviews, psychologists have shown that people are highly influenced by physical appearances, nonverbal communication, and other factors such as social background and speech patterns. The issue with this type of assessments is that people with anxiety disorders, while otherwise competent, will score lower than less capable people that happen to project an air of confidence.

Evaluating potential for success is problematic not just with interviews but when it comes to school records as well. Some people can develop their abilities later in life. For instance, a student can discover a new passion for mathematics at the end of middle school but based on his prior performance records he could end up being dissuaded to attend a math–oriented profile in high school. This also begs the question of when this process of steering should start – from what age? Considering that education systems are geared towards providing more general education for the earlier stages of learning, such measures would at the very least have to be aimed at higher education.

Lastly, it is a question of whether or not educational institutions have the right to interfere to such an extent in a student’s choice. This is a decision that is best left to the students themselves. Schools should offer advice but not limit a student’s options, given that they cannot always have the whole picture or make accurate assessments about a person’s likelihood of success. Thomas Edison was judged as ‘addle minded’ and had to drop out of school because his teachers could not accurately assess his potential. Some of the world’s greatest inventors and artists have been wrongly assessed by their teachers – because their yardstick for measuring success did not apply to them.

 

Sample 2:

For most students entering university, the question of which field of ones study one should undertake is not a trivial one, for not only he will be studying the subject he chooses for the next three to four years, he will most likely have to work in the same field his entire career.I am in accord with the statement made in the prompt, Indeed I do believe that educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed for the following reasons:

As time progresses, a college education is becoming increasingly expensive for most members of society, parents have to begin saving for their childrens college education as soon as they are born, and if this is not feasible, the student will have to take out a loan in order to pay for his education.These student loans are often available at high interest rates and will shackle the student to the chains of debt for many years after he has graduated from college.As securing a well paying job is one of the biggest motivators to attend college, and If a student chooses to study a field in which he is unlikely to succeed, he is shackling himself to student loan debt which he may never be able to repay.Hoewever, if the institution guides him to pick a field in which he has potential to succeed, he may save himself from being at the mercy of debt collegctors.

Furthermore, most students do not have much real world experience during their student lives.The maximum exposure they may have gotten to a career path is most likely the careers their parents pusued, or if they worked a part time job as a student.Apart from these, they most likely do not have much real experience as to what a day in a particular job may look like.Moreover, most students who do not know what to do and do not have a passion may select a field of study based on unreliable advice off the internet, such as lists of top paying professions or of tv show actors who portray certain fields such as law and medicine to appear glamorous in their show, but in reality are mundane and strenuous.In order for students to not be misled from these unreliable sources, I believe that educational institutions have a great responsibility to their students in order to guide them.Most institutions have a wealth of information about the current and future job market through their alumni, research, committee members, associations with organizations through which they can guide their students to choose a field of study that is best for them.

However, there are some cases where the advice of educational institutions may be unwarranted, and even outright incorrect.Student life is a developmental stage of a persons life and he may change for the better in the future, making him perfectly capable of success in a field that he has chosen in the past.For example, Albert Einsteins teacher told him that he was no good at studies and that he would never amount to anything in his life.In retrospect, his teacher was clearly wrong; without the genius of Albert Einstein, we would not have important scientific discoveries such as the theory of relativity and the famous energy equation.Despite being a failure in school, Albert Einsteins name has now become synonymous with genius.However, Einstein is certainly an exception in this case, as many student whom have failed to take their teachers advice have failed in the real world.

In conclusion, while there are some cases where educational institutions must not interfere with a students decision on his chosen field of study, the majority of students would greatly benefit by educational institutions guiding them in order to choose a field of study in which they are likely to succeed.


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