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Topic:
Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
کالج ها و دانشگاه ها باید دانشجویان خود را ملزم به گذراندن حداقل یک ترم تحصیل در یک کشور خارجی کنند.
پاسخی بنویسید که در آن درمورد موافقت یا مخالفت با این جمله بحث کنید و استدلال خود را درباره موضع گیری خود توضیح دهید. در توسعه و حمایت از موضع خود، باید شرایط خاصی را توضیح دهید که در آن، پذیرفتن این توصیه ممکن است مفید باشد یا نباشد و توضیح دهید که این مثال ها چگونه موضع شما را شکل می دهند.
موافق
- الزام دانشجویان به تحصیل در کشورهای خارجی به مدت یک ترم، موجب تبادل فرهنگی و علم و دانش بین دو کشور خواهد شد. البته باید این مسئله را در نظر گرفت که باید دانشجویان به کشورها و دانشگاههای خارجی ای فرستاده شود که سطح تحصیلاتشان از دانشگاه های داخلی بالاتر است.
مخالف
- گذراندن یک ترم تحصیلی در یک کشور خارجی هزینه بسیار زیادی را به دانشگاه‌ها تحمیل می کند و دلیلی ندارد که دانشجویان مجبور باشند که یک ترم را خارج از کشور خود تحصیل کنند. به جای این کار بهتر است در دانشگاه ها بودجه ای را برای دانشجویان برتر در نظر بگیرید که آنها بتوانند در دانشگاههای معتبر در کشورهای خارجی یک ترم را بگذراند.
- دلیلی ندارد که تمام دانشجویان ملزم باشند که یک ترم را در کشورهای خارجی بگذرانند. اولاً به این علت که تمام دانشجویان بودجه کافی برای هزینه کردن و سفر به کشور خارجی را ندارند. دوما، شاید آنها اصلاً علاقه‌ای به خروج از کشور نداشته باشند و ترجیح بدهند، تحصیلشان را در کشور خودشان ادامه بدهند. بنابراین، فقط دانشجویانی باید امکان تحصیل در کشورهای خارجی را داشته باشند که، اولاً هزینه آن را بتوانند پرداخت کنند و دوماً تحصیل آنها در کشورهای خارجی توجیه داشته باشد. به عنوان مثال در آن رشته خاص، دانشگاه های بسیار معتبر با اساتید حرفه ای در کشورهای خارجی وجود دارد.
- برای اینکه دانشجویان بتوانند یک ترم را خارج از کشور بگذرانند باید به زبان آن کشور و یا حداقل زبان های بین المللی مثل انگلیسی مسلط باشند. بنابراین، این شرایط برای دانشجویانی می تواند مناسب باشد که زبان خارجی شان خوب باشد.
- به نظر نمی رسد که تحصیل دانشجویان سال های اول دانشگاه که هنوز دید کافی و کامل نسبت به رشته خود پیدا نکرده اند، در خارج از کشور ایده خوبی باشد. این ایده باید برای دانشجویانی که تحصیل در دانشگاههای خارجی موجب پیشرفت آنها می‌شود، در نظر گرفته شود. مثلا ممکن است دانشجوی رشته خاصی در مقطع دکترا در حال کشف یا اختراع یک چیز جدید باشد که امکانات بیشتری در دانشگاه های خارجی برای به نتیجه رسیدن تحقیقات او وجود دارد در این شرایط بهتر است دانشجو به خارج از کشور فرستاده شود و البته باید تأمین هزینه‌های او نیز تا حدودی به عهده دانشگاه باشد.
- تحصیل دانشجو در برخی رشته‌ها خارج از کشور اصلا توجیه ندارد. به عنوان مثال، اگر فردی ادبیات زبان کشور خودش را میخواند دلیلی ندارد که به یک کشور خارجی فرستاده شود تا یک ترم را آنجا بگذراند.
- سفر اجباری به خارج از کشور برای تحصیل کردن ممکن است تبعات جبران‌ناپذیری مثل افسردگی برای دانشجو داشته باشد، چون تمام دانشجویان می توانند خودشان را با شرایط یک کشور خارجی فریب دهند.
Strategies
Restate the Recommendation:
Restate the recommendation by telling what students should not do while retaining the original meaning.
In other words:
Students should not complete college without being required to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
You could also determine what question is being answered by the recommendation.
What should colleges recommend that all of their students do before completing their educations?
Or: Should colleges recommend that all of their students spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country?
Creating a question will allow you to think about the way you would answer it and why you would answer it in that way.
Now identify the parts of the recommendation that provide evidence that you can affirm or refute.
a) require – This word leaves no room for choice. By the time students are in college, they should be able to make some choices about where they study.
b) all – Again, there is no room for compromise. Will all college students benefit from studying abroad? Some fields of study may be enriched by a semester abroad.
Opposing viewpoint:
Colleges and universities should not require all of their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
Now identify the parts of the recommendation that provide evidence that you can affirm or refute.
a) require – As in the original recommendation, this word leaves no room for equivocation. In this case, it is followed by the word not, so the requirement is negated.
b) all – This word allows no exceptions. When a statement includes not before all, one may interpret it to mean some. Should some students be required to study abroad?
Alternatives:
Is there another way to look at this issue? Many colleges and universities do have required classes for students seeking degrees in particular majors. Should candidates in some majors be required to study abroad? Would it be a financial hardship for some? Should study abroad simply be an available option for college students? Many colleges and universities make study abroad available for third year.
New viewpoint:
Colleges and universities should make study in a foreign country available to all of its students.
Examples and Reasons:
a) the global economy – A country’s economy relies on those of countries around the world. Students in business or economy could benefit from studying those aspects of a foreign country in that country itself.
b) foreign language students – These students would most obviously benefit from studying the language immersed in the culture of the country and living with native speakers of the language.
c) requiring a semester abroad could be a financial hardship for students. Many students have to work their way through college. The likelihood of being able to work in a foreign country is slim.
d) nontraditional students. Most colleges today have a number of nontraditional students. They are older and may be married with children. They may have jobs. Forcing them to study abroad is shortsighted.
e) online colleges
Sample 1:
The chance to earn college credit while studying abroad is an attractive option, and that is what it should remain. The world’s shrinking size makes it seem practical to require students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. Most of those students would develop a better understanding of the global perspective, but it simply isn’t a practical option for many young people. Colleges and universities must look at the issue from several sides before adopting this requirement.
Students in some programs of study would benefit from study abroad, while for students in other programs, the requirement would be a burden. Those who are studying a foreign language are the most obvious beneficiaries of studying in another country. What better way to learn French, for example, than to immerse oneself in the culture of France. Rubbing shoulders on a daily basis with people whose native tongue is French is the best way to grasp the nuances of the language that are virtually impossible to impart in a classroom setting. Familiarity with the landscape, the food, and the arts of a country impart a depth of understanding that would be difficult to obtain in any other manner. Earning credit while strolling on the Champs Elysees or reading a text book while lounging on the Rive Gauche is similar to earning a bonus at work. As idyllic as this seems, it is a hardship for some students, even those studying foreign languages. College is an enormous financial commitment, and many can’t do it without holding down at least one job while attending school. For those who would have to forfeit a job for even a semester, this requirement would be onerous.
Another segment of the college population that might derive a benefit from studying in another country is those who plan to enter the world of finance or economics. No country stands alone in the global economy. Goods are produced and sold across borders every day. Gone are the days of a country producing all of the consumables for its citizens. The American stock and commodities markets fluctuate hourly based on what is happening in markets around the world. For students entering this arena, studying other markets first hand would be more enlightening than reading a textbook about it. These students, however, may get that opportunity after obtaining a job in a multinational organization and visit other countries on someone else’s dime. In addition, such opportunities are limited, so some students would likely be placed with a company that has no relation to their preferred career path.
Colleges and universities must consider the nontraditional students on their campuses. No longer are campuses populated only by 18 to 22–year–olds. Women are entering college after raising their children; displaced adult workers are returning to learn new skills; and veterans are taking advantage of college tuition earned while serving their country. Should schools require these students, who have other responsibilities, to leave everything behind and spend a semester in a foreign country?
Finally, one must ask if the emerging online universities should embrace this requirement. Online students are enrolled for the convenience of being able to complete coursework from the comfort of their own homes. Requiring them to study abroad for a semester seems contradictory to the philosophies of these schools. Finishing the traditional course of study is enough of a challenge for most students without the additional burden of living and studying in a foreign country. Universities should, nonetheless, make available the option to spend at least a semester abroad, but this should not be a mandatory requirement.
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