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Topic:
The following report appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.
"An innovative treatment has come to our attention that promises to significantly reduce absenteeism in our schools and workplaces. A study reports that in nearby East Meria, where fish consumption is very high, people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds. Clearly, eating a substantial amount of fish can prevent colds. Since colds represent the most frequently given reason for absences from school and work, we recommend the daily use of Ichthaid — a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil — as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism."
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
گزارش زیر در خبرنامه شورای بهداشت عمومی West Meria منتشر شده است.
یک درمان ابتکاری مورد توجه ما قرار گرفته است که کاهش غیبت در مدارس و محل کار ما را به میزان قابل توجهی نوید می دهد. یک مطالعه گزارش می دهد که در شرق مریای نزدیک، که مصرف ماهی بسیار زیاد است، مردم فقط یک یا دو بار در سال برای درمان سرماخوردگی به دکتر مراجعه می کنند. واضح است که مصرف مقدار قابل توجهی ماهی می تواند از سرماخوردگی جلوگیری کند. "از آنجایی که سرماخوردگی بیشترین دلیل غیبت در مدرسه و محل کار را نشان می دهد، استفاده روزانه از Ichthaid - یک مکمل غذایی مشتق شده از روغن ماهی - را به عنوان یک روش خوب برای جلوگیری از سرماخوردگی و غیبت کمتر توصیه می کنیم."
پاسخی بنویسید و در آن توضیح دهید که چه مستندات خاصی برای ارزیابی بحث لازم است و شرح دهید که چگونه این مستندات می تواند بحث را تضعیف یا تقویت کند.
NOTE: The above topic has wording similar to Argument Tasks 155 and 158 of this Website. However, if you read carefully you will notice that the topic and the task instructions are different. Hence, it is very important to read the topic as well as its instructions completely before you start to write your response.
Strategies
Argument:
The daily use of Ichthaid will prevent colds and lower absenteeism.
In developing your response, you must demonstrate what evidence is needed to support the recommendation that citizens of West Meria take the supplement, Ichthaid.
Facts and Assumptions:
a) People in East Meria visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds. The writer assumes that this number is lower than elsewhere. The reader may wonder if the residents have colds that they don't seek treatment for.
b) Fish consumption is high in East Meria. The writer has made a connection between high fish consumption and a presumed low incidence of colds. Are the residents taking some other preventive measure to reduce the number of colds? Are they eating a diet rich in vitamin C or taking Echinacea supplements? They may be eating fish with lots of lemon, a fruit high in vitamin C. Does everyone eat fish? Do colds afflict non-fish eaters more than those who do eat fish?
c) Colds represent the most frequently given reason for absences from school and work. The writer assumes that the workers and students have reported truthfully. Because colds are so common, they make a convenient excuse. The writer assumes that reducing the number of colds that people get, the less absenteeism there will be.
d) Ichthaid is a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil. The writer assumes that this supplement will have the same supposed healthful effect as eating fish. Can the community force its residents to take this supplement? Will the cost of the supplement prevent some from taking it?
Your notes do not have to be exhaustive. As you begin to write your essay, your brain will generate new ideas. Make certain that you keep the directions in mind as you develop your ideas.
NOTE: The above topic has wording similar to Argument Tasks 155 and 158 of this Website. However, if you read carefully you will notice that the topic and the task instructions are different. Hence, it is very important to read the topic as well as its instructions completely before you start to write your response.
Sample 1:
The author of this newsletter has combined two ostensibly unrelated facts to form a conclusion that is not supported by evidence. In addition, the writer has made a sweeping recommendation based on the original faulty assumptions. The residents of West Meria should scrutinize these statements before accepting the writer's recommendation to take the dietary supplement, Ichthaid.
According to the newsletter, the citizens of East Meria both eat a lot of fish and make few visits to the doctor for the treatment of colds. The writer assumes that this is an example of cause-and-effect. What evidence exists to support this? First, the reader should ask to know if East Meria's residents visit a doctor for treatment of every cold. It is likely that many people treat their colds themselves; after all, there is no cure. Next, they should ask how many of those cold sufferers are habitual fish eaters.
If East Merians do, in fact, contract fewer colds than average, they may be taking other preventive measures. Is there evidence that they take vitamin C or Echinacea? They may be eating large quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables, most of which are rich in vitamin C and other nutrients that contribute to good health. They may even be eating their fish with lots of lemon, a fruit known to be high in vitamin C.
The writer is probably accurate when he informs the reader that colds are the most often used excuse for absence from school and work. Since the cold is so common, it is a convenient excuse for anyone needing a day off from work or school. However, it is also common for students to avoid attending class by falsely claiming to be sick. How many students actually have colds? Even if colds can be prevented by taking the supplement, Ichthaid, can the same be said for absenteeism?
Nutritional supplements are popular and a seemingly harmless way to remedy deficits in one's diet. The citizens of West Meria should probably look for evidence of studies done on Ichthaid before accepting the recommendation in this newsletter. Supplements are neither always harmless nor effective. The expense and possible negative side effects should make them think twice, or, to paraphrase Marie Antoinette, “Let them eat fish.
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