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Topic:
Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
برخی معتقدند که رقابت برای کسب نمرات بالا باعث برتری دانش آموزان در کلاس می شود. برخی دیگر معتقدند که چنین رقابتی کیفیت یادگیری واقعی را به طور جدی محدود می کند.
پاسخی بنویسید که در آن بحث کنید کدام دیدگاه بیشتر با نظر شما همسو است و استدلال خود را برای این موضع گیری توضیح دهید. در توسعه و حمایت از موقعیت خود، باید به هر دو دیدگاه ارائه شده توجه کنید.
موافق
- رقابت در هر زمینه ای وجود دارد مثل ورود به دانشگاه، مسابقات ورزشی و حتی کسب و کار، اما رقابت بر سر نمره بین دانش آموزان می تواند کیفیت یادگیری آنها را پایین بیاورد چون آنها به جای اینکه به درک مفاهیم فکر کنند به دنبال گرفتن نمره هستند.
- استرس و فشار زیادی که در بین دانش آموزان برای گرفتن نمره بالاتر وجود دارد، کمکی به پیشرفت تحصیلی آنها نمی کند بلکه آنها را در یک رقابت پر استرس وارد می‌کند که هر کدام فقط تلاش می‌کنند با حفظ کردن دروس، نمره بالاتری کسب کنند بدون اینکه به فکر درک آنها باشند.
- رقابت در دانش آموزان برای گرفتن نمرات بالاتر اکثر اوقات به علت فشاری است که والدین و سیستم مدرسه به آنها وارد می آورد. آنها فقط سعی دارند در امتحاناتی که توسط معلمین و مدارس از آنها گرفته می‌شود، نمره خوبی کسب کنند تا دانش آموز بهتری باشند. والدین نیز به جای اینکه دانش آموزان را تشویق کنند که درس ها را مفهومی تر یاد بگیرند فقط به فکر این هستند که فرزندشان نمره بالاتری در این رقابت کسب کند و شاگرد اول باشد.
- رقابت بر سر نمره که در سیستم آموزشی کنونی ما وجود دارد موجب می‌شود دانش آموزان فقط به دنبال تکنیک ها و روش هایی باشند که در مدت کوتاه‌تری بدون درک مفاهیم بتوانند نمرات بالاتری کسب کنند که این کمکی به آینده آنها نخواهد کرد.
- سیستم آموزشی، نحوه تدریس و امتحانات در مدارس همه نمره محور هستند و به این ترتیب دانش آموزان نیز به جای اینکه به فکر یادگیری بهتر باشند، سر گرفتن نمره بهتر و بالاتر با یکدیگر رقابت می‌کنند.
- زمانی که دانشجویان وارد دانشگاه می شوند تازه به این نتیجه می رسند که نحوه یادگیری آنها در مدرسه چون نمره محور بوده باعث شده که آنها فقط یکسری مبحث را در مدرسه حفظ کنند و به سطوح بالاتر بیایند. در صورتیکه بدون درک عمیق نسبت به این مفاهیم نمی توانند در دانشگاه به موفقیت برسند.
مخالف
- ارزیابی دانش آموزان با نمره دادن در سطوح تحصیلی بالاتر مثل دبیرستان لازم و ضروری است. در غیر این صورت آنها متوجه نمی شوند که در کدام دروس دچار ضعف هستند تا بتوانند آنها را تقویت کنند.
Strategies
Begin by restating the issue. The original issue statement tells what competition for high grades does to the quality of education. Try changing the order of the statement.
In other words:
The quality of learning at all levels is seriously limited by the competition for high grades.
Determine what question is being answered by the original issue statement.
What effect does the competition for high grades have on the quality of learning at all levels?
The question should help develop alternative points of view. The original issue statement is only one of several possible answers to the question.
Now think about the parts of the original issue statement that provide evidence that you can affirm or refute.
a) competition – Competition exists in other areas of school life. Competition exists in areas of life outside of school.
b) seriously limits – Could the effect be somewhat limiting?
c) quality of learning – Is competition for grades the greatest influence on the quality of learning? What about instructional methods? Curriculum materials?
Next, create a statement that expresses the opposing viewpoint, using language similar to that of the original issue statement.
Opposing viewpoint:
Competition for high grades enhances the quality of learning at all levels.
Or: Competition for high grades has no effect on the quality of learning at any level.
Identify the parts of the opposing statement that provide evidence to refute or affirm.
a) enhances – improves or adds to the quality
b) no effect – competition may be a non–factor in the quality of learning – it is neutral
Now you must decide which point of view to address in your essay. Completing the prewriting activities has given you several choices and ideas for defending any of those choices. Even the viewpoints that are opposite of yours will have points that you can use in writing your response. As you review your notes, decide which of your ideas offer the strongest support for your position; you do not have to use all of them. Keep in mind that others may disagree with your position, so address their concerns in your response. Before you decide, carefully consider the following checklist. You will have addressed several of them in the exercises you have completed above.
a) I have identified the central issue.
b) I understand the instructions.
c) I have decided that I agree/disagree/partially agree with the issue and why.
d) I have identified the assumptions in the claim and determined whether or not they are reasonable.
e) If necessary, I can explain how I interpret any or all of the concepts and terms used in the claim.
f) I have identified my reasons for the position I have taken.
g) I have compelling examples to support my position.
The next step should be listing the main reasons and support for your position. You may use any of the above prewriting activities as you prepare evidence for supporting you point of view. Remember that the GRE readers scoring your response are not looking for a “right” answer. The readers are evaluating your ability to address the specific instructions and articulate and develop an argument to support your understanding and evaluation of the issue.
Position:
Competition for high grades enhances the quality of learning at all levels.
Your notes do not have to be exhaustive. As you begin to write your essay, your brain will generate new ideas. Make certain that you keep the directions in mind as you develop your ideas. Use as many or as few paragraphs as you consider appropriate for your argument, but create a new paragraph when you move on to a new idea or example of support for your position. The GRE readers are not looking for a specific number of ideas or paragraphs. Instead, they are reading to determine the level of understanding of the topic and the complexity with which you respond.
In this task, you are asked to discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement. You may completely agree or disagree with the statement, or you may agree under certain conditions. You are also instructed to explain your reasoning and consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
You may use any organizational strategy or form of reasoning to present your position as clearly and succinctly as possible. You may recall writing strategies that you learned in high school or a writing–intensive course that you took in college, but it is not necessary to employ any of those strategies. It is important that your ideas follow a logical progression and display strong critical thinking.
Sample 1:
That competition for high grades exists is not debatable. As colleges become more selective and the cost of higher education soars, students are compelled to achieve at the highest level to gain entry to the best schools and to receive scholarships to offset the cost of those schools. In schools where grades are weighted, students also take honors or Advanced Placement courses to elevate their GPAs. Whether or not this competition diminishes learning is debatable.
Consider the benefits of competition in the private sector. Before competition existed, monopolies dominated the business world in America. Moguls like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie cut prices on their products and forced their competitors out of business. With no alternatives, the buying public was forced to pay whatever prices those titans of commerce chose to charge them. To relieve this financial burden that the citizens of the country had to bear, antitrust laws were enacted. As a result, goods and services became available at fair prices that enabled everyone to live in some degree of comfort. Today, the American consumer can elect to buy discount goods at Wal–Mart and other big–box retail outlets or opt to purchase luxury goods at designer boutiques like Coach or Louis Vuitton. Competition keeps businesses on their toes as they strive to produce goods of a quality and price that their customers demand. Competition is good for the consumer as they are presented with a wide array of goods and services from which to choose.
Now consider how learning benefits from the competition for grades. Before it became virtually mandatory for every American child to attend some post–high–school educational institution, many students were content to learn the minimum required to pass a course. After all, they were entering the world of work after high school, and their grades in algebra or chemistry wouldn’t matter a bit to their employers. Teachers, recognizing this, taught the minimum required to satisfy that demographic. The world has changed, and no longer is it possible to obtain employment in most places without additional training or education beyond high school. Teachers have been charged with the responsibility to prepare their students for this eventuality. Students must do more in high school to get more out of life. In addition, many careers now require job seekers to have advanced degrees, extending the competition for grades into college and beyond.
The final product of competition for grades must be increased learning. When students are working harder to earn better grades, teachers are working harder to meet the demand. They are designing more advanced curriculum units and applying standards more rigorously. Teachers are creating a product that consumers – in this case, colleges and employers – are demanding. Colleges and businesses will have more choices when they shop for students and employees.
Sample 2:
Today’s world is full of competition in every field. There is so much of talent around, that this competition is inevitable. Whichever field one chooses, whether its academics, sports, business, politics, entertainment or media, there is a race that everyone participates in to win.
Although, this is healthy and is a sign of progress, the quality of work suffers at time. The same is the case with competitions for high grades. Students, at every level of education are so much pressurized to excel that they start compromising on the quality of learning.
Students are pressurized by the parents and the education system, to excel in each and every subject in terms of their scores. Instead of giving a choice to pursue for more knowledge and develop understanding in the subjects of their choice, they are taught in a time-bound and syllabus-bound system since their early school days. The evaluation pattern is such that those seeking deeper understanding of a certain topic/subject are de-motivated. They are judged merely on the basis of their score which generally calls for rote learning. The quality of learning is bound to deteriorate when preference is given to those who can cram and reproduce, at least till the secondary level of school.
In high school and colleges, in some of the disciplines more emphasis is laid upon application based education. Although, this is a healthy practice, the learning is still exam oriented rather than concept forming. Availability of more and more tutorials that boast of preparing the students for competitive exams emphasize on short cuts and tricks to attempt the paper in lesser time. The giving away of such techniques is increasing the number of aspirants who are grilled to get through without possessing sound knowledge of the subject matter. This further increases the competition thereby neglecting the actual comprehension and application of the concepts on a student’s behalf. Mostly these competitive exams end up judging the speedy applications of practiced techniques and not real learning.
Besides, in a classroom both pupil and teacher are constrained so much by time and syllabus that the topics covered cannot be explored beyond a point. The education and evaluation systems are such that pupils, teachers, parents and even school administrations have to target the exams to excel in the competition. Less emphasis is laid upon concept building and more on attempting the exams. The very system of education, evaluation and selection are so flawed that even at the highest levels of education, more weight age is given to scores when compared to quality learning.
Though, scholars excelling with quality education can not be ignored, a majority of students end up being rote learners good at merely reproducing the learned facts. The deterioration in the quality of education is due to the growing competition for higher grades. This can be checked by reforming the education system starting from the primary level itself. Moreover, methodologies should be adopted to evaluate the understanding and deeper knowledge of students along with their abilities to apply the acquired knowledge.
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