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Topic:
The following appeared in an editorial in a local newspaper.
"Commuters complain that increased rush-hour traffic on Blue Highway between the suburbs and the city center has doubled their commuting time. The favored proposal of the motorists' lobby is to widen the highway, adding an additional lane of traffic. Opponents note that last year's addition of a lane to the nearby Green Highway was followed by a worsening of traffic jams on it. Their suggested alternative proposal is adding a bicycle lane to Blue Highway. Many area residents are keen bicyclists. A bicycle lane would encourage them to use bicycles to commute, it is argued, thereby reducing rush-hour traffic."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
موارد زیر در یک سرمقاله در یک روزنامه محلی آمده است.
مسافران شکایت دارند که افزایش ترافیک در ساعات شلوغ در بزرگراه بلو بین حومه شهر و مرکز شهر زمان رفت و آمد آنها را دو برابر کرده است. " پیشنهاد مورد علاقه لابی رانندگان تعریض بزرگراه و افزودن لاین ترافیکی اضافی است. مخالفان خاطر نشان می كنند كه اضافه شدن خط سال گذشته به بزرگراه سبز در نزدیكی آن همراه با بدتر شدن شدت ترافیك در آن بزرگراه بوده است. پیشنهاد جایگزین آنها افزودن خط دوچرخه به بزرگراه بلو است. بسیاری از ساکنان منطقه دوچرخه سواران مشتاق هستند. استدلال می شود که یک خط دوچرخه آنها را به استفاده از دوچرخه برای رفت و آمد تشویق می کند، در نتیجه باعث کاهش ترافیک در ساعت شلوغی می شود.
پاسخی بنویسید که در آن درباره اینکه چه سوالاتی باید پاسخ داده شود تا تصمیم بگیرید که آیا پیش بینی و استدلالی که بر آن استوار است منطقی است یا نه بحث کنید. حتماً توضیح دهید که چگونه پاسخ این سوالات به ارزیابی پیش بینی کمک می کند.
NOTE: The above topic has wording similar to Argument Task 25 of this Website. However, if you read carefully you will notice that the topic and the task instructions are different. Hence, it is very important to read the topic as well as its instructions completely before you start to write your response.
Strategies
Argument:
The city should add a bike lane to Blue Highway to reduce congestion on the highway during rush hours.
In developing your response, you are asked to discuss what questions need to be answered before the city takes this step and how the answers to those questions will affect the decision.
Facts and Assumptions:
a) Commuters are complaining that traffic during rush hour on Blue Highway has doubled their commuting time between the suburbs and the city center. The assumption is that the highway doesn’t have sufficient room for all of the commuters.
b) The motorists’ lobby wants to widen the highway by adding another lane. They assume that an additional lane will lessen commuting time by providing more space for the cars on the highway.
c) Worsening traffic jams followed the addition of a lane to Green Highway last year. The assumption is that an additional lane is not the answer to commuter problems.
d) Many area residents are keen bicyclists. The writer assumes that many of them would like to ride their bikes to work.
Questions:
a) How much of an increase in traffic is there? Why has commuting time doubled?
b) Is Green Highway still experiencing traffic jams? Was it a temporary situation?
c) Who are the opponents to the proposed extra lane? Are they homeowners who may be displaced by the expansion or whose homes will be too close to the road when it is expanded? Are they developers who have other ideas for using the land over which the new lane will travel?
d) Who are the keen bicyclists? Are they children or adults?
e) How practical is a bike lane for commuters? Are bikers willing to travel in the dark during the winter months? Does the area experience cold, snowy winters? Will commuters travel by bike in the rain? Will traveling by bike take more time each way?
Your notes do not have to be exhaustive. As you begin to write your essay, your brain will generate new ideas. Make certain that you keep the directions in mind as you develop your ideas.
NOTE: The above topic has wording similar to Argument Task 25 of this Website. However, if you read carefully you will notice that the topic and the task instructions are different. Hence, it is very important to read the topic as well as its instructions completely before you start to write your response.
Sample 1:
An editorial is usually written by an editor and expresses the position of the newspaper on a particular topic. The excerpt provided here simply presents both sides of an issue. On one side are motorists who are frustrated by the increased traffic and commuter travel time on Blue Highway and think that an additional lane would relieve the problem. On the opposing side are those who point to problems on Green Highway since the addition of a lane there and think that the addition of a bike lane is the answer. A number of questions need answers before planners take either action.
The reader knows that motorists are in favor of an additional highway lane. Who are the opponents? Several groups come to mind. Homeowners who live near the highway may fear being displaced or encroached upon by a highway expansion. They may be worried about the increased noise. It could lower property values, and the homeowners could face challenges when trying to sell their houses. Commercial developers may have their sights set on the land that would be needed for a highway expansion. The possibility of new jobs and a broader tax base may trump commuter comfort.
Is a bike lane a viable option? It may be if this highway is in a part of the country where the daylight hours are always long, and the sun always shines. If the highway is in a location where the days are shorter in the winter months, workers may jump in their cars to travel safely in the dark. When it rains or snows or gets cold, commuters are likely to opt for their cars in favor of bikes. If one of the aims is to reduce commuting time, a bike route may not be the answer. Bikes do not travel at the same speeds as cars.
Is Green Highway still experiencing traffic jams? Was the additional lane the cause of traffic jams, or was traffic diverted to the newly expanded Green Highway as a result of road construction elsewhere? It may have been a temporary situation. Because it happened on Green Highway is no guarantee that traffic will snarl on Blue Highway. All of these questions deserve consideration before any final decisions are made regarding any type of expansion of Blue Highway.
Sample 2:
The writer of the letter to the editor suggests that in order to reduce the commuting time on Blue Highway a bicycle lane should be added instead of another traffic lane. This will help, according to him, because many citizens of Shady Village are keen on bicycling. Moreover, in response to a questionnaire, most of the citizens confirmed that they would like to bicycle more than they do. However, the writer is not able to give a convincing reason for his suggestion. There are many other factors, which need to be considered before taking the decision which point towards a different direction than that suggested by the writer.
The traffic on a highway depends upon the places it connects as well as the convenience it offers. The rush of two different highways cannot be compared since both the highways offer connectivity to different places. The writer says that adding an additional traffic lane on Green Highway increased the traffic on it in the past winters. However, this may not be the case with Blue Highway. Firstly, the traffic experienced by both the highways is different. Therefore, the rush hour traffic on both highways should be treated independently. Adding another traffic lane is one of the good options for solving the problem of too much traffic on the highway and it should definitely be considered. Secondly, increased traffic on Green Highway has been observed only in the past winters. It is likely that this is a temporary change and is due to closure of another highway for some time. There could be some repair work in progress on another route, which has diverted the traffic to Green Highway. It is also likely that in winters other routes become inaccessible due to snow and other such difficulties, due to which the traffic on Green Highway had increase in the last winters. However, Blue Highway may not experience any additional increase in traffic due to an additional traffic lane being built. It is possible that no other routes are closed to divert the traffic towards Blue Highway. Hence, unlike Green Highway the additional traffic lane might prove useful in reducing the rush hour traffic.
Considering that Blue Highway connects the suburbs of Shady Village and Bright City, the traffic on the highway would consist of two-wheelers as well as four-wheelers. The possibility of people using bicycle for commuting through a highway are very bleak. Making a separate bicycle lane would help only if there are too many bicyclists on Blue Highway. However, the argument does not give an idea of the type of traffic that Blue Highway experiences. If there were very few bicyclists commuting through the highway, making a separate bicycle lane would not solve the problem of rush hour traffic. Therefore, before coming to any decision, the composition of traffic on Blue Highway should be studied and accordingly an additional lane should be built.
There is a difference between what people like and what they do. People in Shady Village may be fond of bicycling, however, how often they actually commute using bicycle is the question. It is possible that even if people are enthusiastic about bicycling and they would like to bicycle more hours per week than they currently do, they are not able to do so due to the requirements of their jobs. Bicycles can be used only for short distances. Moreover, it needs time to commute through bicycles, however, if people cannot spare enough time, they will commute through other vehicles. Therefore, forming an additional bicycle lane might be a wrong decision since the circumstances of people might not allow them to use bicycles on Blue Highway, even if they are avid bicyclists.
It is clear by now that the argument is not perceived in the correct light. Therefore, the suggestion it forwards is not practical and a detailed study of the traffic and situation of Blue Highway should be considered before coming to any conclusion.
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