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Topic:
In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
همه دانشجویان برای اینکه به افراد کاملی تبدیل شوند باید ملزم به گذراندن دوره هایی شوند که در آن شعر، رمان، اسطوره و سایر انواع ادبیات تخیلی را می خوانند.
پاسخی بنویسید که در آن درمورد موافقت یا مخالفت با این جمله بحث کنید و استدلال خود را درباره موضع گیری خود توضیح دهید. در توسعه و حمایت از موضع خود، باید شرایط خاصی را توضیح دهید که در آن، پذیرفتن این توصیه ممکن است مفید باشد یا نباشد و توضیح دهید که این مثال ها چگونه موضع شما را شکل می دهند.
موافق
- برای اینکه انسان کاملی باشیم باید دانش و آگاهی در تمام زمینه‌ها را داشته باشیم و خودمان را از جنبه های مختلفی در زندگی رشد دهیم و بتوانیم از عهده حل مسائل و مشکلات بهتر بر بیاییم و انسان کاملی باشیم. بنابراین چون وظیفه دانشگاه‌ها ساختن انسان ها برای زندگی در جامعه است باید دروس مختلفی را در زمینه های متفاوت به دانشجویان آموزش دهند تا آنها به سمت خودسازی و انسان کامل بودن پیش بروند.
- دروس هنری مثل شعر و رمان و ادبیات خلاقیت دانش آموزان را تقویت می‌کند و موجب می‌شود که آنها بتوانند از خلاقیت شان در زمینه های دیگری نیز استفاده کنند.
- برخی از دانشجویان به خاطر اجبار والدین و پیدا کردن شغل در آینده در رشته هایی تحصیلی می کنند که به آن علاقه ای ندارد در عوض آنها ممکن است به دروس هنری مثل رمان و ادبیات علاقه داشته باشند پس اگر به چنین دروسی علاقه داشته باشند می‌توانند در کنار دروس اصلی خود این موارد را نیز مطالعه کنند.
مخالف
- زمانی که فردی یک رشته دانشگاهی را انتخاب می کند به دنبال علایق خود رفته است بنابراین دلیلی ندارد که بخواهد دروسی را که مرتبط با رشته و علاقه او نیستند، بگذراند. بنابراین، تدریس دروسی مثل شعر و ادبیات باید برای افرادی که چنین رشته هایی را در دانشگاه انتخاب کرده‌اند، انجام گیرد.
- فقط دروسی مثل شعر، ادبیات، رمان و دروس هنری نیست که موجب تکامل انسان می‌شوند بلکه بسیاری از دروس مهم دیگر مثل فلسفه نیز می‌توانند به تکامل انسان کمک کنند. بنابراین می‌توان گفت که فقط خواندن دوسی مثل ادبیات نمی‌تواند به کامل شدن انسان کمک کند.
- وظیفه دانشگاه این است که فرد را در رشته‌ای که انتخاب کرده به یک متخصص تبدیل کند و بنابراین لزومی ندارد که افراد دروس دیگری را که مرتبط با رشته شان نباشد مثل ادبیات و شعر و رمان بخوانند. بلکه دانشگاه باید روی تدریس دروسی که برای هر دانشجو با توجه به رشته ای که انتخاب کرده، مهم بوده، تمرکز کند.
Strategies
Restate the Issue:
The original statement tells what students should do. Rephrase it by telling what students should not do without changing the meaning of the original statement.
In other words:
In order to become well–rounded individuals, all college students should not finish college without first taking courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
Or: College students will fail to become well–rounded individuals if they are not required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
You could determine what question is being answered by the original issue statement.
What required courses should all college students take in order to become well–rounded individuals?
Thinking about your answer to the question can help you as you develop your response to the original statement.
Now think about the parts of the statement that provide evidence that you can affirm or refute.
a) well–rounded – This is both subjective and vague. What does it mean to be well–rounded, and who decides if one is well–rounded? Should the goal of college be to create well–rounded individuals?
b) all students – This leaves no room for doubt and no exceptions. The statement assumes that these courses have the power to make all students well–rounded.
c) required – A requirement is a need. This is like saying that all college students need these courses to become well–rounded.
d) other types of imaginative literature – Isn’t most literature imaginative?
Opposing viewpoint:
In order to become well–rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take a variety of courses in several disciplines.
Identify the parts of the opposing statement that provide evidence that you can refute or affirm.
a) variety of courses – Well–rounded individuals may be those that have exposed themselves to a variety of courses in several disciplines.
Alternatives:
Is there any other way of looking at this issue? Can you qualify the original statement in some way? Why wouldn’t taking a variety of courses in the social sciences make one a well–rounded individual?
New viewpoint:
In order to become well–rounded individuals, college students shouldn’t restrict their selection of academic classes to those within one discipline.
Identify the parts of the new statement that provide evidence to affirm or refute.
a) restrict – This means to limit oneself. A restriction is something one cannot do.
b) selection – Choice and selection are synonymous.
c) within one discipline – This is a narrow perspective. Narrow is contradictory to well–rounded.
Position:
It should not be the goal of colleges and universities to turn out well–rounded individuals.
Support:
a) cost – Education is too costly today for students to focus on courses that have no practical value.
b) interest – By the time a student is in college, he or she should be allowed to choose courses that they have an interest in.
Sample 1:
It is impossible to identify well–rounded individuals on the street, in the workplace, or at the gym. It is unlikely that anyone is choosing his or her friends based on their being well–rounded. It is probably impossible to define well–rounded; everyone would have a point of view. It is true that in the early days of higher education, one aimed to become a “man of letters”, knowledgeable to some degree in a variety of subjects. That luxury is no longer desirable or practical. University students are entering a different world.
I like to think of myself as well–rounded. I am interested in a variety of topics, and I participate in a variety of activities. I carry on conversations easily with my friends and family as well as people I meet in the grocery store or at an airport. My seatmates on trains and planes find me engaging. I answer most of the questions on Jeopardy! correctly, and I can complete the New York Times crossword puzzle. I like and can cook food from a variety of cuisines. I can order correctly from a menu written in French. I like HGTV, the Food Network, and action movies. My friends think I’m funny, and I cry over sappy commercials on TV. None of my self–perceived well–roundedness is a result of courses that I either did or did not take in college.
These interests can also stem from outside influences. My mother taught me to knit and sew. I got my love of gardening from my father. I taught myself to read. My sister taught me how to see different perspectives of an issue. I learned to swim during lessons on cold mornings at the local pool. I learned to play the piano from an older lady who tapped out the measures with a plastic knitting needle on the top of the piano. I learned to drive from a kind and patient man who did not use deodorant and wouldn’t let his students roll down the car windows in the heat of the summer. My friends taught me about friendship. I obtained all of these skills before I went to college.
So, what did college teach me? College taught me how to live in close quarters with hundreds of other girls from different states and backgrounds. College taught me to understand football, to party on the weekends, and how to join the best sorority on campus. College taught me to sign up for classes that ended by 1:00 pm and met on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, so I’d have two full days off from classes. College eventually taught me how to manage my time. It taught me the classes I would need to get a degree in my major.
High school seniors plan to enter colleges and universities with the goal of getting a job after graduation, and that is what college should do. When today’s high–school seniors graduate from college, they will have enormous debt. While in college, they must focus on courses that serve practical purposes. They will need immediate employment in order to meet their financial obligations. They will become well–rounded by living their lives after college, not by taking a variety of courses in the humanities.
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